What is the bias of a diode when the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the P-type material?

When the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the P-type material of a diode, it creates a condition known as forward bias. In this configuration, the majority charge carriers in the P-type material (holes) are attracted toward the negative terminal of the battery, while the minority carriers in the N-type material (electrons) are drawn toward the positive terminal. This allows current to flow through the diode.

In forward bias, the potential barrier at the junction between the P-type and N-type materials is lowered, enabling carriers to cross the junction more easily and facilitating conduction. This is the opposite of reverse bias, where the positive terminal would be connected to the N-type material, increasing the potential barrier and preventing current flow. Zero bias refers to the case where no external voltage is applied, while high bias typically indicates a condition beyond normal forward operation, often leading to breakdown conditions. Hence, forward bias is the correct answer.