At what speed do turbochargers typically rotate?

Turbochargers typically rotate at very high speeds to ensure efficient performance and increased air intake into the engine. The correct answer reflects the operational range where turbochargers can run, notably that many modern turbochargers exceed 100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) under certain conditions. This high rotation speed allows the turbocharger to compress a larger amount of air, which helps improve engine efficiency and power output.

The ability to achieve these speeds is crucial for turbochargers because it enables them to effectively spool up quickly and provide boost to an engine, particularly in applications involving performance vehicles. The high-speed operation also requires carefully designed components to withstand the stresses and thermal conditions generated during operation.

The other choices represent ranges that are either too low or do not encapsulate the capabilities of modern turbochargers. While some may operate below these speeds under certain conditions or in specific designs, the significant performance gains seen at the higher speeds marked in the correct answer are what differentiate these components and highlight their advanced engineering.